XVIII. Appeal Rights and Process

A Complainant or Respondent who is not satisfied with the determinations made as to closure or dismissal of a Complaint, or the dismissal of any included allegations, under this Policy, and/or the Policy findings, or sanctions imposed at the completion of the hearing process may submit an appeal (Appealing Party) to the TCC Title IX Administrator. The TCC Title IX Administrator, in consultation with the Parties’ Home Institution’s Title IX Coordinator(s), will identify an appropriately trained Appeal Decisionmaker to review and make a determination of the appeal(s).

When the TCC Title IX Administrator identifies an Appeal Decisionmaker, they will provide written notice of the individual’s identity to the Parties, along with information regarding the process to object to the designated Appeal Decisionmaker on the basis of actual conflict of interest or bias pursuant to Section V.

A. Appeal Grounds

Each Party has a right to appeal:

  • The dismissal of a Complaint or any included allegations;
  • The Hearing Decisionmaker’s Policy findings; and/or
  • Any sanctions.

Appeals must be submitted in writing to the TCC Title IX Administrator within five (5) business days following the issuance of the Notice of the Hearing Outcome and Hearing Decision Report (Notice of Case Dismissal, or Remedies and Sanctions Determination for Complaints where Respondent accepted responsibility). The appeal must be no longer than 10 (ten) pages, and must specify which grounds the appeal is based upon and include any arguments the Party wishes to make in support of their appeal.

A Party may appeal based on one or more of the following grounds:[1]

  • Procedural Error: There was a procedural error(s) that would change the outcome of the matter (i.e., failure to follow the process outlined in this Policy). The appealing party must describe in their appeal the procedural error and its impact on the decision outcome.
  • Conflict of Interest or Bias: Any Party’s Home Institution Title IX Coordinator, the TCC Title IX Administrator, Investigator(s), Hearing Decisionmaker, and/or Sanctions Decisionmaker (for cases where the Respondent has accepted responsibility) has a conflict of interest or bias for or against complainants or respondents generally or an individual Complainant or Respondent, that would change the decision outcome. The appealing party must describe in their appeal the alleged conflict of interest or bias held by the individual and how this impacted the decision outcome.
  • New Evidence: There is new evidence or information that would change the decision outcome that was not reasonably available or known (and could not have reasonably been known) during the investigation process or when the hearing decision or dismissal of complaint or allegations was made. Information that was known to the party during the resolution process but which they did not to present is not considered new evidence or information. The appealing party must describe in their appeal how the new evidence would change the decision outcome and why the new evidence was not reasonably available or reasonably known prior to the appeal.
  • Disproportionate Sanctions: The sanctions are disproportionate to conduct for which the Respondent accepted responsibility, or to the Hearing Decisionmaker’s findings.

The submission of an appeal pauses the implementation of any sanctions, and any change in student or employee status, during the pendency of the appeal(s). Supportive Measures remain available during the appeal process.

B. Designation of Appeal Decisionmaker

As noted above, the TCC Title IX Administrator will designate an appropriate Appeal Decisionmaker to conduct a prompt, thorough, and impartial review of the appeal(s). The Appeal Decisionmaker will not be the same person as the Investigator, Hearing Decisionmaker, Sanctions Decisionmaker, TCC Title IX Administrator, or any of the Parties’ Home Institution’s Title IX Coordinator(s).

The Appeal Decisionmaker will have had appropriate training as required by Title IX and California law, which includes but is not limited to training in the definitions of Prohibited Conduct, the scope of the TCC Institution’s education programs and activities, the Investigation and Hearing Resolution process under this Policy, bias, the ABR Process, and appeal process.

C. Appeal Response by Non-Appealing Party

The TCC Title IX Administrator will send a written notice of the appeal to the Non-Appealing Party or Parties and provide them with a copy of the appeal. A Non-Appealing Party or Parties may issue a response to the appeal. Any Party’s decision not to submit a response to an appeal is not evidence that the Non-Appealing Party agreed with the appeal. The appeal response is limited to ten (10) pages, including attachments, and may address only the issues raised in the appeal. The Non-Appealing Party will have five (5) business days to submit their appeal response after receiving the notice of the appeal. Any response to the appeal must be sent to the TCC Title IX Administrator, who will provide the response to the Appeal Decisionmaker. Requests to submit an appeal response of more than ten (10) pages must be sent to the TCC Title IX Administrator, along with an explanation as to why additional pages are needed.

D. Appeal Clarification

If the Appeal Decisionmaker needs clarification on any point raised in the appeal, they may make a written request for clarification from the Appealing Party, through the TCC Title IX Administrator. The Appealing Party may respond in writing. The TCC Title IX Administrator will transmit the written response to the Appeal Decisionmaker. The Appeal Decisionmaker may not communicate directly with the Parties. The TCC Title IX Administrator will provide copies of any written communications to the Non-Appealing Party and to the Parties’ Home Institution Title IX Coordinator(s).

E. Appeal Record

The review of an appeal will not involve any additional investigation by the Appeal Decisionmaker. The review will be based upon evidence gathered during the investigation process and presented at the hearing, including access to the hearing recording, as well as the arguments made during the appeal process. The Appeal Decisionmaker will not consider new evidence for the purposes of upholding, overturning, or modifying the findings. Appeals submitted under the ground of new evidence will be considered only to determine whether the new evidence could likely change the determination of responsibility.

F. Appeal Decision Report

The Appeal Decisionmaker will issue an Appeal Decision Report which summarizes their decision regarding the appeal. The Appeal Decision Report will include a description of the ground(s) for the appeal, a summary of the issues raised on appeal, a statement regarding the evidence considered, a statement describing the decision was made based on the preponderance of the evidence standard, and the determination regarding the appeal.

The Appeal Decisionmaker may decide to do the following:

  • Uphold the findings and sanctions;
  • Overturn the findings and/or sanctions;
  • Modify the findings and/or sanctions; or
  • Remand the case, to the Investigator for additional fact-gathering, or for a new hearing based on new evidence which could change the outcome; or
  • If the Appeal Decisionmaker finds that The Title IX Coordinator, TCC Title IX Administrator, Investigator(s), and/or Hearing Decisionmaker had an actual conflict of interest or bias that changed the decision outcome, the Appeal Decisionmaker may, as appropriate, remand the case for a new hearing with a new Hearing Decisionmaker, or remand the case for a new investigation with a new investigator.

1. Notice of the Appeal Decision

The TCC Title IX Administrator will send the Notice of the Appeal Decision to the Parties within ten (10) business days of the submission of an appeal response from the Non-Appealing Party (or the deadline for the Non-Appealing Party to submit a response). The Notice of the Appeal Decision will include a copy of the written Appeal Decision Report. The notice will inform the Parties that there is no further review of the matter, no further right to appeal, and if applicable, that the matter is closed.

The determination regarding responsibility and sanctioning becomes final on the date of the Appeal Decision Report, unless the Appeal Decision Report determines further investigation, and/or a new or additional hearing or investigation is necessary based on new evidence available or actual conflict of interest or bias.

2. Final Remedies and Sanctioning Determination

After the issuance of the final decision (the Notice of Hearing Outcome and Hearing Decision Report if there is no appeal, or the Notice of Appeal Decision), the TCC Title IX Administrator will send a Notice of Final Outcome and Sanctions to the Parties, with a copy to designated Student Affairs, faculty, or Human Resources administrator(s) within the Respondent’s Home Institution, as appropriate. The designated administrator will review the issued remedies and sanctions and determine if any enhancements are warranted based on a Respondent’s disciplinary history. Recommendations for enhancements based on a prior disciplinary history are not shared with the other Party.

For student Respondents, the Respondent’s Home Institution’s Title IX Coordinator is responsible for ensuring completion of the sanction(s), which may include collaboration with the appropriate Student Affairs administrator(s), as necessary.

For employee Respondents, the Respondent’s Home Institution’s designated Human Resource professional or other designated administrator is responsible for ensuring completion of the discipline or sanction(s). The Human Resource professional or other designated administrator shall update the Respondent’s Home Institution Title IX Coordinator on sanction completion and/or compliance.

3. Failure to Complete or Comply with Imposed Sanctions

All Respondents are expected to comply with conduct sanctions, responsive actions, or corrective actions within the timeframe specified in the Parties’ Notice of Remedies and Sanctions Determination. Respondents who need an extension to comply with their sanctions must submit a written request to their Home Institution Title IX Coordinator stating the reason(s) for needing additional time.

At the discretion of the Respondent’s Home Institution, failure to follow through on conduct sanctions, responsive actions, or corrective actions by the date specified, whether by refusal, neglect or any other reason, may result in additional sanctions, responsive actions, or corrective actions, such as suspension, expulsion, termination, or transcript notations. Respondent students who fail to comply may be referred to their Home Institution’s Student Conduct office, and employees who fail to comply may be referred to their Human Resource office. A student or employee Respondent who withdraws or leaves their employment prior to sanction completion may receive a notation on their transcript or employee record, respectively.

[1] As explained in Section XIV, for cases where the Respondent has accepted responsibility, a Party may only appeal on the grounds that the Sanctions Decisionmaker had a conflict of interest or bias, and/or that the sanctions are disproportionate to the Prohibited Conduct for which Respondent accepted responsibility.